Porcine proliferative enteropathy, caused by Lawsonia intracellularis, is an endemic disease with major impact on global pig production, associated with reduced growth performance, poor feed efficiency, and significant economic losses. Subclinical infection in intensive production systems promotes silent dissemination, affecting intestinal health and food safety, while difficulties in culturing the bacterium in vitro limit understanding of its distribution, particularly in Europe. Control relies on the use of critically important antimicrobial classes, contributing to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance within a One Health framework. The LawGen project will assess the prevalence of infection in pigs from Portugal and Spain using qPCR across different intestinal segments, complemented by genomic sequencing. This characterization will support the identification of infection risk profiles and control strategies, promoting reduced antibiotic use, improved sustainability of animal production, and enhanced food safety.